The Indian Economy is a developing mixed economy ranked as the third largest by purchasing power parity and sixth largest by nominal GDP. With an average growth of 6 to 7 % annually, the Indian Economy is one of the world’s fastest growing major economy. Due to young population, low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates and increasing integration with global economy, the long term growth prospects of the Indian economy are unquestionable. The sector that provides the major share of India’s GDP happens to be Services sector of which the financial services industry contributes around 37% of GDP.
For such a fast growing economy, capital formation is a pre requisite and in fact imperative. One factor that is then of great significance for Capital formation is a developed capital market. A robust capital market not only helps in mobilizing savings for accelerated capital formation through raising long term capital and promoting industrial growth but also provides a ready and liquid market for investors to be a part of the growth story of the nation.
In the present times, Indian Capital Markets are performing a plethora of functions. The financial intermediaries offer a range of technical and advisory services to entrepreneurs and act as a reliable guide regarding corporate performance as well. On the other hand, they also make generating foreign capital possible which in turn helps in bringing foreign technology that is important for economic development of the country.
The Indian Capital Market comprises of the following segments viz., Equity Markets, Debt Markets, Commodity Markets and Currency Markets. It is with respect to each of these components where the opportunities and challenges of Indian Capital markets lie.
The equity market has key constituents like retail investors, domestic institutional investors like mutual funds and insurance companies and foreign institutional investors. Increasing participation of retail investors is one of the daunting challenges of the Indian Capital Markets. Out of a population of 1 billion only 1% participate in equity segment and out of that, only a fraction are active. The need of the hour is greater depth and liquidity and lower transaction costs. While the Assets under Management of the mutual fund companies have traversed a growth path since the opening up of this sector to private players, there has been a slowdown due to the influence of the global economy. Ensuring investor protection and offering more diversified products for greater financial inclusion is the biggest challenge facing this segment. Foreign institutional investment has grown immensely too and they can now become qualified institutional buyers and invest even in debt markets including corporate debt, government securities and security receipts issued by Asset Reconstruction Companies. The key challenge again is the growth in this sector. There is a limitation to this growth due to taxation issues. These funds are being currently managed from tax efficient jurisdiction. A reform in this area is now imperative and urgent.
The next segment of capital market viz., Debt Market is still at a nascent stage. In well developed economies wherein bond markets are of a larger size than equity markets, the case is opposite in India. The debt segment and specifically the corporate bond market is a major area of opportunity. In order to harness this opportunity, generating domestic demand, improving market infrastructure and rationalising the tax regime are major areas of reform.
Another emerging asset class of which investors still remain wary of are commodity and currency markets. While commodity markets have been growing at a phenomenal pace, there are major limitations for various investment classes other that domestic institutional investors. Future holds promise as removal of these hurdles is work-in-progress. On the currency front, this segment has also witnessed consistent growth but a lot many opportunities still remain unexplored. Presence of a strong regulator will convert this challenge into an opportunity.
Understanding of all these aspects requires not only conceptual knowledge but also increasing the general level of awareness by keeping abreast with latest news and networking with industry experts. The Indian capital Markets are fertile ground for numerous opportunities in the future for practitioners, researchers, academicians and citizens of the country in general. Participate in the Indian Capital Markets and be a part of the nation’s growth story.
Dr. Meghna Dangi,
Program Coordinator, PGDFM,
AURO University.
Machine Learning Platforms (Environment)
Latest Example of peer-to-peer networks is Bitcoin Network is a peer-to-peer payment network that operates on a cryptographic protocol and have the ability to solve some of the world’s most challenging or demanding problems, by collecting and analyzing large amounts of data, says Ben Hartman, CEO of Bet Capital LLC, to Entrepreneur.
Deep learning platforms use special category of Machine Learning that include artificial neural networks with various abstraction layers that can copy the human brain, processing data and creating patterns for decision making.
With the advancement of human race, has led to many revolutions and discoveries among which technical revolution has changed the way of life and took world and human races to a different dimension. With emergence of technical revolution in the 20th century, have led a new way of thinking and doing tremendous amount of tedious work within fraction of time, doing smart work in just one click. Let it be whether typing a text to weather forecasting, reading news to publishing an article. You name any field and IT is there. Today it has become a basic need and necessity. Here today we are to talk on “Recent Trends in IT” or emerging trends in IT. Every morning you wake up, what do you need- A cup of Tea, Coffee, Warm water and the answer is a Big NO. We want to check our mobile phones first and Boom more of it we want to check missed messages on WhatsApp or Facebook for upcoming birthdays, messages from the known, tweet by our Honorable Prime Minister, Actresses, international trending people and many more. Actors, actresses, our grandparents, milk man, newspaper wala, politicians, everyone is on internet for socializing over the Internet. It has become a need symbol to carry a smart phone rather “iPhone” and spend hours with it. 
We need to protect our data and contents from people spying into our system and peeping into my personal life. The only way to secure it is apply data security, cyber security and also hacking can be Hi-Jacking and Hi-Joking. Also today we are happy and enjoy to see what you searched on commercial site getting displayed everywhere. Isn’t it a fun? Yes it is and sometimes No also as it collects our data using Data Mining which can be used wisely and cunningly but can be threatening too. Again security protects us from bad things being done to us. Technology has brought in many impact good as well as bad but its effect can be managed by us. Its in our hand to control technology or technology controls us. With this concept comes Artificial Intelligence where now we were controlling the machines to help in every phase of life as assistants, Expert Systems, Prediction Machines, money dispenser machines and many more uses.Now comes the era of building smart cars, smart houses to the smart cities as everything is turning smart.
We do make everything available using programming the computer and application using high level languages sometimes even low level languages are needed to build something from the scratch. How about building a gaming app? A fitness app? A friendship app? And the list never ends. For this we have python, Android, Java, .Net, J2EE, JavaScript, HTML and the never ending list. The options are available like a platter of yummy food to choose from all you need to know is your choice and your craving for variety of items.